English class 10
     4.5 Joan of Arc

 English class 10
4.4 unbeatable super mon Mary Kom

 English class 10
4.1 the world is min

The poet saw a lovely girl in a train. - Disagree


(2) A beautiful girl had one leg and used a crutch.
- Agree

(3) The lad who was selling sweet was
was very sad.
Disagree

 (4) The poet was very kind with the lad who was selling sweet.
Agree

Describe the young girl in the bus. ( तरुण मुलीचे वर्णन करा.)
Ans. The young girl in the bus was very beautiful and happy. She was also too fair. She had lovely silken hair. But unfortunately she was walking with a limp.

(3) What did the speaker in the poem not realize while chatting with the young lad? ( तरुण मुलाबरोबर गप्पा मारताना कवितेतील निवेदकाच्या लक्षात कोणती गोष्ट आली नाही ?)
Ans. When the speaker in the poem was chatting with the young lad he didn't realize that the young lad was blind.

A3. Activities based on Poetic Devices ::
(1) Make a list of pairs of rhyming words
from the extract:
Ans. (1) hair -fair (2) whine - mine
(3) charm-harm
(4) kind-blind

+(2) The Rhyme scheme of the first two
stanzas is
Ans. aabcc (first stanza) abbccdd (second stanza)

*(3) Pick out from the poem lines which contain the following figures of speech. (fa पुढील अलंकार असलेल्या ओळी निवडा.)
(1) Inversion -
Ans. Today, upon a bus, I saw a very beautiful girl,
The correct order of the sentence would be..... I saw a very beautiful girl upon a bus today. (2) Onomatopoeia :


The poet told the lad to join others
to play.
True

2) The poet could not hear the boy. - False
.

Pick out from the poem lines which contain the following figures of speech. ( पुढील अलंकार असलेल्या ओळी निवडा.)

(1) Inversion -
Ans. Today, upon a bus, I saw a very beautiful girl. The correct order of the sentence would be.....
I saw a very beautiful girl upon a bus today.

(2) Onomatopoeia :
Ans. O' God, forgive me when I whine.

(3) Apostrophe: .
Ans. O God, forgive me when I whine.


(4) Interrogation :
Ans. I stopped a moment, then I said why don't you join the others dear".

*(4) Pick out 2 lines from the extract that
contain imagery : (कल्पनाचित्रांचा समावेश असलेल्या कवितेच्या चार ओळी लिहा :).

Why did the blue-eyed boy not join the others in their game? (तो निळ्या डोळ्याचा मुलगा इ मुलांच्या खेळात का सामील झाला नाही ?)
Ans. The blue-eyed boy did not join the others in their game because he could not hear as he was deaf.

*(3) What does the speaker thank God for? (निवेदक परमेश्वराचे कशाकरिता आभार मानतो ?)
Ans. After meeting some disabled people, the speaker realised that even though these people lacked something in their life, they were happy. He thanks God because he is blessed with everything to live a happy life so he realises that there is nothing in the world for him to complain.

What does the poetess mean when she says "The world is mine?' Explain the importance of the title with reference to the poem. ( 'आहे' असे कवयित्री म्हणते, तेव्हा तिला काय म्हणायचे असते ? कवितेच्या संदर्भात कवितेच्या शीर्षकाचे स्पष्टीकरण करा.)
Ans. The poetess means to say that we must count our blessings and be grateful for the good things in our life rather than complaining about the things which we think we lack. By the end of every stanza the poetess says that she is grateful to God for giving her everything in the world she wants in life. So the title of the poem is appropriate with reference to the poem. It gives the gist of the poem, 'Contentment is happiness'.

What is the theme of the poem? (afada
मुख्य विषय कोणता आहे ?)
Ans. The theme of the poem is that we should be happy and contented with whatever we got and be grateful to God for giving the good things in our life rather than complain about the things which we think we lack.

(b) Do you think people with some handicap should beg for money? Justify your response. (एखादे व्यंग असलेल्या लोकांनी पैशांकरिता भीक मागावी, असे तुम्हांला वाटते का? तुमच्या म्हणण्याचे समर्थन करा :)
Ans. People with some handicap should not beg for money because God gifts them something

 English class 10
3.5 the alchemy of nature

..

 English class 10

3.3  stopping by wood on a snowy evening

Put (✔) mark in front of True statement or
(x) mark in front of False statement:
Answers are directly given.)
 (a) The speaker stops to watch rain falling
 ×

among the trees. (b) The owner of the woods is known to the speaker.
✓


Give your own rhyming words for the

lowing

(Answers are directly given.)
a) house - spouse (b) woods - goods (d) wind -skinned
(c) easy-busy
(e) dark -bark
(f) watch - botch

4) The poem is believed to have a reference the poet's life itself. What could the following
gnify? Choose from the brackets below: (duties and responsibilities/old age/life/death/ erlasting peace)
The speaker's journey- life
-(b) Snowy Evening- old age
(c) Lovely, deep, dark- everlasting
woods peace - duties and
(d) Promises responsibilit
(e) Sleep- death


The person who owns the woods lives in the village.

(ii) The speaker stopped his horse at a place between the frozen lake and the woods.

(iii) The speaker was really captivated by the lovely, dark and deep woods.

(iv) The little horse gives a shake to its harness bells attached to its neck.

(4) List the sounds mentioned in the poem.
Ans. harness bells, sound of wind, sound of soft feathers like snow flakes falling.

(5) On what date every year is the darkest
evening?
Ans. On 21st December

There is no one to catch the speaker trespassing.
Ans. He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.


Form group of 4 to 6 students. Every student should close his/her eyes. As the group leader reads aloud the following lines, the students try to create a picture in his/her mind. Later, each one gives a heading for each description.
) Bright blue sky - soft white clouds sweeping by tiny specks of birds flying high-sun playing hide and seek behind the clouds.
ns. Heading The Enchanting Beauty of the
D) Miles of smooth barren land - sparkling sand stretched till the horizon, in wave - like forms - thorny, cacti propping here and there - an occasional cluster of palms provide a shady spot - a carvan of camels moving in a line in the distance.
Ans. Heading Life in the Desert



3) Compose in your group, a four to six line poem, which contains imagery.
A Lost of golden daffodils,
1 Beside the lake, beneath the trees. Fluttering and dancing in the breeze, Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way.
a Snowy Evening

There is no one to catch the speaker
respassing.
Ans. He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.

(b) Theattention. little horse
draws his master's
Ans. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake.

(c) His horse seems anxious to keep going.
Ans. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near.

(d) The speaker prefers to stay but is forced to move onwards.
Ans. But I have promises to keep

And miles to go before I sleep.... (e) The poem is set in bygone era.
Ans. He gives his harness bells a shake. Shows that the poem is set in the bygone era.

*(2) Why does the traveller have to leave the lovely woods? (त्या प्रवाशाला ते सुंदर उपवन का सोडावे लागले ?)
Ans. The traveller was really captivated by the lovely woods. He is supposed to discharge his duties on time. He promises himself to keep his word. So he has to leave the lovely woods to keep his word.

Prepare a set of questions to interview person who has just returned from a trek in he woods: (रानात प्रवास करून नुकत्याच परतलेल्या व्यक्तीची
लाखत घेण्याकरिता प्रश्नांचा एक संच तयार करा :) Ans.
(1) Welcome back, how did you feel when you visited the woods?
(2) What was the purpose of your visit? (3) Did you take any precautions while roaming in the woods?
(4) Which strange or rare things did you find in the woods?
(5) Did you come across any wild animals? Whatwas your feeling then? (6) How were you able to get your food, water
and other essential things?
(7) What difference did you find in the woods and the place where you live?
(8) Were you able to fulfil your expectations from this visit?
(9) What should be your role to conserve the woods?
(10) Would you like to suggest the youngsters to undertake such expeditions? Why?

Prepare a set of questions to interview a person who has recently scaled Mt. Everest:
(हल्लीच एव्हरेस्ट शिखर सर केलेल्या व्यक्तीची मुलाखत घेण्यासाठी प्रश्नसंच तयार करा :)
Ans.
(1) Welcome back, What preparations did you make before the climb?
2) What did you do to stay fit when you were at
the base?
(3) What did you do to make your climb interesting?
4) What food did you take along with you whileclimbing?
(5) What was the purpose of your adventure?
(6) How did you face difficulties on the way to the top?
(7) What is the memorable moment of your ascent?
(8) What was the hardest adjustment you had to make during the ascent? (9) What were your feelings when you scaled the
peak? (10) What message would you give to the youngsters?

 English class 10
3.2 a lesson in life from a beggar

State whether the following statements are Right or Wrong. Correct the wrong ones:
(1) The author and Meena were great
enemies.
-Wrong

Corrected sentence: They were
good friends. (2) Meena was a very cheerful person initially.
-Wrong

sentence: Meena was forever unhappy.
(3) Meena stayed alone in an apartment in Delhi.
-Wrong

Corrected sentence: She stayed alone in an apartment in Mumbai. (4) Meena was the second child of her parents.
-Wrong

Corrected sentence: She was the only child of her parents.
L(5) The author spotted Meena at
Bombay's Flora Fountain.
-Right

What was Meena's nature like?
मीनाचा स्वभाव कसा होता ?)
Ans.-  There was always something strange about Meena. She was always unhappy. Any person who came in contact with her would feel depressed. Her thoughts were negative about everything and about every person.

(3) Arrange the following sentences in proper sequence according to their occurrence in the passage : (परिच्छेदात घडलेल्या योग्य क्रमाने पुढील घटना मांडा)
(1) Many years later the writer saw Meena at Bombay's Flora Fountain in pouring rain..
(2) Unfortunately Meena saw the writer and caught hold of her hands warmly.
(3) Meena was really excited to meet her old friend.
(4) The writer wanted to avoid her for her never ending complaints.
Ans.-
(1) Many years later the writer saw Meena at Bombay's Flora Fountain in pouring rain.
(4) The writer wanted to avoid her for her never ending complaints.
(2) Unfortunately Meena saw the writer and caught hold of her hands warmly. (3) Meena was really excited to meet her old friend.

2) Make the following sentences negative
(i) She was forever unhappy.
Ans. She was never happy.
(ii) Meena was a pessimistic girl.
Ans. Meena was not an optimistic girl. (3) Make it exclamatory.
(i) She was very cheerful.
Ans-. How cheerful she was!
(ii) Shwetha is a very beautiful girl.
Ans. What a beautiful girl Shwetha is!

What surprised the writer? (fachen a
गोष्टीचे आश्चर्य वाटले?)
Ans.- The writer was greatly surprised by the difference in Meena's attitude of bygone days. She looked happy and was smiling. That was not the same Meena the writer had known. She seemed ready to make any number of adjustments.

Make 4 meaningful words by using letters from the word 'Pessimistic'.
Ans. -Pessimist, mist pest, pet

Make the following sentences negative:

(i) She was forever unhappy.
Ans. She was never happy

. (ii) Meena was a pessimistic girl.
Ans. Meena was not an optimistic girl.

(3) Make it exclamatory. (i) She was very cheerful.
Ans. How cheerful she was!

(ii) Shwetha is a very beautiful girl.
Ans. What a beautiful girl Shwetha is


What lesson did Meena learn from her Guru-the beggar? (मीनाने त्या भिकारी गुरुकडून कोणता बोध घेतला?)
Ans. From her Guru-the beggar, Meena learnt how to be happy with life as it was. She also learnt to find happiness in every small thing, in every situation and in every person.

*(6) What did Meena do to show gratitude to her Guru? (आपल्या गुरुबद्दल कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करण्याकरिता मीनाने काय केले?)
How did Meena show her gratitude to her Guru? (मीनाने आपल्या गुरूबद्दलची कृतज्ञता कशा प्रकारे दर्शवली ?)
Ans. Meena changed her attitude towards life using the beggar as her role model. Unfortunately, by the time she understood things, he was dead. So she sponsored his granddaughter to a boarding school as a mark of respect to him.

 English class 10
3.4 let's March
.

 English class 10
3.1 if

 English class 10

2.5  book review Swami and friends by r.k. Narayan

The book is filled with heavy grammar and difficult technical words.
- False

(2) The book circles round the mischief of the kids in a view of the kids.
True

(3) R. K. Narayan's 'Swami and Friends' is a good read for the kids and teens alike.
True

(4) Mischievous kids are not as sensitive as other people.
- False

Describe Swami's characteristics in 3-4 sentences. (स्वामीच्या स्वभावाची वैशिष्ट्ये 3-4 वाक्यांत वर्णन करा.)
Ans. Swami is a mischievous and talkative little kid of about 10 years old. He cannot stay at one place. He hates going to school, hates Mathematics even worse. School is a frightening and unpleasant experience for him. He always gets into trouble and a good beating from his father. All he wants to do is play under the sun, kick something, climb a tree break or damage something and harass (trouble) somebody. This is a typical life of the kid.

What does the review of the book say about R. K. Narayan's style and language? ( पुस्तकाची समीक्षा (परीक्षण) आर. के. नारायण यांची लेखनशैली व भाषा यांविषयी कोणती माहिती देते?)
Ans. -The review of the book 'Swami and Friends' tells us about R. K. Narayan's simple and lucid style of writing. The book has no heavy grammar or the words that are difficult for the people to understand. It has great literary values. English used in the book is both plain and simple without any troubling words for the kids. The simple and short sentences used by author adds to the simplicity of the book.

(2) Why some parents may be worried about the description of a mischievous ten-year-old boy in the book? What does the reviewer say about it? [ पुस्तकातील दहा वर्षांच्या खोडकर मुलाविषयीच्या वर्णनाबद्दल काही पालकांना काळजी का वाटत असावी? त्याविषयी समीक्षकाचे काय म्हणणे (मत) आहे ?]
Ans-. Some parents may be worried about the description of a mischievous ten-year-old boy because they think, that might influence their already mischievous children. But the reviewer reassures them that the book describes the mischief of the kids in a view of the kid which is harmless and pure. Also amidst all the mischief and naughtiness, we actually find that Swami is a loving and tender kid who is really very sensitive. And it is a known fact that mischievous kids are most sensitive and loving people of all. So this is the

Write from the passage the words related to 'study':
-book, literary values, literature, grammar, read, text, subject, technical words, English, genius,

Add question tags:
(1) This does not mean that the book is filled with heavy Grammar.
Ans-. This does not mean that the book is filled with heavy grammar, does this? (2) R. K. Narayan does a great job conveying thatto all of us.
Ans. R. K. Narayan does a great job conveying that to all of us, doesn't he?

Put the following alphabetical order:words
(1) outstanding, author, prose, modern (2) conclusion, capture, can, children
Ans.- (1) author, modern, outstanding, prose(2) can, capture, children,
 conclusio
 
(4) Punctuate the following:(2)
(1) he said it will be a difficult task. in
(2) "how s that?" said nathu. "Havent you heard.
Ans. -(1) He said, "It will be a difficult task."
(2) "How's that?" said Nathu. "Haven't you heard

Why some parents may be worried about the description of a mischievous ten-year-old boy in the book? What does the reviewer say about it? [ पुस्तकातील दहा वर्षांच्या खोडकर मुलाविषयीच्या वर्णनाबद्दल काही पालकांना काळजी का वाटत असावी? त्याविषयी समीक्षकाचे काय म्हणणे (मत) आहे?]
Ans. Some parents may be worried about the description of a mischievous ten-year-old boy because they think, that might influence their already mischievous children. But the reviewer reassures them that the book describes the mischief of the kids in a view of the kid which is harmless and pure. Also amidst all the mischief and naughtiness, we actually find that Swami is a loving and tender kid who is really very sensitive. And it is a known fact that mischievous kids are most sensitive and loving people of all. So this is the message that the description conveys to all of us.

Put the following words inalphabetical order:
(1) outstanding, author, prose, modern
(2) conclusion, capture, can, children
 Ans. (1) author, modern, outstanding, prose (2) can, capture, children, conclusion (4) Punctuate the following:
(1) he said it will be a difficult task.


(2) "how s that?" said nathu. "Havent you heard.
 Ans. (1) He said, "It will be a difficult task." (2) "How's that?" said Nathu. "Haven't you heard?

keeping the following point given on Coursebook page 71 in mind. (या कोर्सबुकमधील रस्किन बाँड यांनी लिहिलेली 'The Boy who Broke the Bank' ही कथा काळजीपूर्वक वाचा आणि पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ 71 वर दिलेले मुद्दे लक्षात घेऊन, त्या कथेचे परीक्षण (समीक्षा) करा :)
Ans. Review of the story - The Boy who Broke the Bank
The story "The Boy who Broke the Bank' is a very interesting and informative story written by Ruskin Bond, an eminent Indian author of British descent. It is a realistic social story full of wit and humour.
The main characters in the story are Nathu-the sweeper, Sitaram-the washerman's son, Mrs Srivastava, Mrs Bhushan and Mr Bhushan, Kamal Kishore, the owner of the photographic shop, Deep Chand, the barber and an elderly gentleman and Ganpat, the begger.
The story is about the Pipalnagar Bank owned by Seth Govind Ram and the people of Pipalnagar. It begins at the steps of the Pipalnagar Bank when Nathu, the sweeper boy was sweeping the steps. He was irritated and decided to leave the job because he had not received his pay for the month. He told this to Sitaram, his friend and a washerman's so While delivering the clothes Sitaram told Nathus story to Mrs Srivastav who also needed a sweeper She, when met to her friend Mrs Bhushan in bazaar told her that the Bank is not able to pay the sweeper's salary. Then from Mrs Bhushan to husband, then to Deep Chand, to the barber elderly gentleman, the news took different tur and twiste poor he


Make your own meaningful sentence using the phrase - take a glance.
Ans. The officer took a glance through the report submitted by his assistant.


(2) Add prefix and write the antonyms of the following words and use one of them in your own sentence:

(1) complete
(2) justice
Ans. (1) incomplete(2) injustice

Sentence: The employees were protesting against the owner for injustice done to them.
(3) Add another clause to expand the following clause:
Ans. Swami is a kid who cannot stay at o

 English class 10

2.6 world heritage

The country where Mount Huangshan is
situated in
-China

*(ii) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile -
-Aswan high dam


(iii) The International World Heritage Programme is administered by
-The Unesco world heritage committee


(iv) The Nile valley  contains many
-ancient artefacts.
Egyptian
What is a world heritage site ? * What significant aspects should a world heritage site have? [ जागतिक वारसा स्थळ म्हणजे काय आहे? जागतिक वारसाकरिता कोणती महत्त्वाची अंगे (स्थिती) आवश्यक असावी लागतात ? ]
Ans-. World Heritage Site is a site established by UNESCO to have significant cultural or natural importance to humanity. These places should have significant cultural and natural heritage including forests, lakes, monuments, buildings and cities.

Why did UNESCO launch an international campaign in 1959 ? (1959 साली युनेस्कोने आंतरराष्ट्रीय मोहीम का सुरू केली ? )
Ans. Egypt started plans to build the Aswan High Dam to collect and control water from the Nile River. The dam's construction would have flooded the Nile valley containing the Abu Simbel Temples and many of ancient Egyptian artefacts. To protect the temples and the artefacts UNESCO launched an

Find from the passage adjective forms for the following:
(1) culture (2) history (3) nature (4) significance
Ans. (1) cultural (2) historical
(3) natural (4) significant
(3) Write the long form of 'UNESCO'. Ans. United Nations Educational Scientific and

Why did a White House Conference in the United States call for a 'World Heritage Trust'? अमेरिकेच्या व्हाइट हाउस परिषदेने 'जागतिक वारसा विश्वस्त निर्माण करण्याकरिता का आमंत्रण केले (बोलावणे केले) ?)
Ans. A White House Conference in the United States called for a 'World Heritage Trust' to protect historic cultural sites and also for protecting the world's significant natural and scenic sites.

(2) Describe the 'World Heritage Committee from this passage (जागतिक वारसा समितीविषयी या परिच्छेदाच्या आधारे वर्णन करा.)
Ans. The World Heritage Committee was established to list the sites as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Committee meets once a year. It consists of representatives from 21 State Parties. They are elected for six year terms by the World Heritage Centre's General Assembly. The State Assembly then identify and nominate new sites within their territory and include them in the World Heritage list.


Write from the passage nouns for the
following:
(1) present (2) protect (3) conserve
Ans. (1) presentation(3) conservation
(4) include(2) protection
(4) inclusion

(2) Write the list of adjectives from the passage:
Ans. historic, cultural, significant, natural, scenic, international, similar, general, main, responsible, six. A4. Activity based on Contextual Grammar:

Rewrite the sentences using 'not only....but also' and 'as well as' in two separate sentences. (1) A White House Conference called for a World Heritage Trust' to protect historic cultural sites and the world's significant natural and scenic sites.
Ans.(1) A White House Conference called for a 'World Heritage Trust' to protect not only historic cultural sites but also the world's significant natural and scenic sites.
(ii) A White House Conference called for a 'World Heritage Trust' to protect historical cultural sites as well as the world's significant natural and scenic sites.

 (2) The State Parties are responsible for idntifying and nominating new sites.
Ans. (1) The State Parties are responsible not only
for identifying but also for nominating new sites. (ii) The state parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites.


Rewrite the sentences using 'not only....but

also' and 'as well as' in two separate sentences.

(1) A White House Conference called for a 'World Heritage Trust' to protect historic cultural sites and the world's significant natural and scenic sites.
Ans.
(i) A White House Conference called for a 'World Heritage Trust' to protect not only historic cultural sites but also the world's significant natural and scenic sites.

(ii) A White House Conference called for a 'World Heritage Trust to protect historical cultural sites as well as the world's significant natural and scenic sites, (2) The State Parties are responsible for

identifying and nominating new sites.
Ans. (i) The State Parties are responsible not only for identifying but also for nominating new sites. (ii) The state parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites.

A5. Personal Response: Why do you like to visit tourist spots? (green
पर्यटन स्थळांना भेट देणे का आवडते ?)
Ans. I like to visit some tourist spots not only for comfort and relaxation but for expanding my knowledge and for knowing our culture, history and glory of the past. They enlarge our knowledge, vision of life and enlighten your intelligence. These visits

Why, do you think, should we preserve the World Heritage Sites? (जागतिक वारसा स्थळे आपण का जतन करून ठेवावीत, असे तुम्हांला वाटते?)
Ans. Our ancestors all over the world have bestowed upon us the spectacular, wonderful monuments, structures and sculptures, etc. They are the wonders of arts and architectures. The whole world feels proud of these ancestral treasures. They remind us of the past glory, art, culture and great, glorious memorials. They will continue to inspire us and give people knowledge of patient and prolonged human endeavours such as the Taj Mahal, Ajanta Caves, Pyramids, China's Great Wall and many other majestic structures. So, we must preserve them with utmost care.

What is the role of the 'World Heritage Sites' in promoting tourism in any country? [कोणत्याही देशात पर्यटन व्यवसाय वाढवण्यास 'जागतिक वारसा स्थळे' या संघटनेची कोणती भूमिका (कार्य) आहे?]
Ans. The 'World Heritage Sites' plays a very important role in promoting tourism in countries like India. The organisation is responsible, with the country's contribution, for preserving the site and if required restore it, providing funds. If the site retains its original grandeur, splendour and beauty, flocks of passionate tourists from all over the world are sure to visit the site. Naturally, tourism of the site will flourish and it also will provide employment.

What is the difference between the words "World Heritage' and 'Cultural Heritage'? ('World Heritage' आणि 'Cultural Heritage' या शब्दांमध्ये कोणता फरक आहे?)
Ans. The word 'World Heritage' is related with the natural or man-made places that are recognized as having international importance, cultural values of the world and humanity in general. Whereas 'Cultural Heritage' is related with a particular society or groups, its ideas, customs, beliefs, art and literature, etc. that have existed and inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and preserved for the benefits of future generation.

Put the followinginalphabetical order:
(1) world, becoming, property, territory
(2) step, site, selection, significant .
Ans. (1) becoming, property, territory, world


(2) selection, significant, site, step (4) Punctuate the following:
(1) Then whats the secret of your energy I asked (2) No there isnt any one like raghuveer
Ans. (1) Then what's the secret of your
energy?" I asked.

(2) "No, there isn't any one like Raghuveer." (5) Make four words (minimum 3 letters
each) using letters in the given word: (2)
mountain
Ans, mount, out, main, tin (6) Spot the error and rewrite the corrected sentence.

(1) The owner and the tenant is good friends. (2) I was many useful books.
Ans.(1) The owner and the tenant are good friends.

•Practical conservation of posterity. •Human/animal trespassing.
• Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access.
• Threat of local administrative negligence. Ans. Preserving 'World Heritage Sites' for
Future Generations
Let us be sensible and practical to preserve our World Heritage Sites for future generations. It depends on well-organized and well-managed plan. The plan should be skilfully monitored and implemented to the details. It is the responsibility of the country where it is situated. So it is our national duty to protect or restore the Heritage Sites. To maintain the original, natural characteristics of the site we must take utmost care and prevent them from being lost, damaged or destroyed. We must use funds and resources allocated by our state and the World Heritage Fund for mending and repairing work. Many a times, human and animal tresspassing damage, deface and make them ugly and insecure. Their activities and disturbances should be controlled and restricted to retain their natural beauty and grandeur. Buildings, structures, historical monuments and natural beauty should be

 English class 10
2.3 the twins

What is the mix-up mentioned in this
extract? (या पद्यांशामध्ये नमूद केलेली अदलाबदल कोणती ?) Ans. The narrator got christened his brother and the brother got christened John. The name, John, was actually intended for the narrator.

*(2) Write any two lines from the extract that you find humorous. (या पदयांशातून तुम्हांला विनोदी वाटलेल्या ओळी निवडून लिहा :)
Ans. (1) As we were being washed by nurse, we got completely mixed.
(2) My brother John got christened me,
And I got christened him.

A3. Activities based on Poetic Devices:
(1) List the rhyming pairs from the extract:
Ans. (1) worse - nurse(2) fixed-mixed
(4) whim- him.(3) decree - me

(2) Find Collocations from the extract:
Ans. (1) fate's decree (2) got christened

(3) Name and explain the figure of speech:
(1) As we were being washed by nurse.
Ans. Alliteration: The letter 'w' is pleasingly
repeated.


(2) My brother John got christened me,
And I got christened him.
Ans. Hyperbole : The statement is exaggerated for humour.

Pick out from the extract the question that narrator asks everyone. Can you answer the question? (निवेदकाने प्रत्येकाला विचारलेला प्रश्न पदयांशातून निवडा. तुम्ही त्या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर देऊ शकाल का ?)
Ans. The narrator asked everyone what he would do if he were he (the narrator) to prove that he was actually himself. The only advice that can be given in such a case is to keep some different outward signs like mode of dress, hairstyle, mannerisms, etc. to identify oneself.

(2) How did the narrator suffer at school?
(शाळेत निवेदकाला कसा त्रास झाला ? ) OR Who was put to disadvantage at school due to the similarity? How? (या सारखेपणामुळे शाळेत कोण अडचणीत आला? कसा?)
-As a result of the similarity betwe narrator and his brother, he (the narrato always getting beaten for the mistakes com at school by his brother.

(i) Who became the wife of narrator's brother?
 Ans. -The narrator's intended wife became his brother's wife.

(ii) What turned the tide of the narrator's domestic life?
-The close resemblance between the twins turned the tide of the narrator's domestic life.

What continued year after year?
Ans. -The same absurd mistakes continued year after year.

O Who according to the poet died? s. -According to the poet (narrator) he himself died.


What is the mix-up mentioned in this
extract? (या पट्ट्यांशामध्ये नमूद केलेली अदलाबदल कोणती ?)
 Ans. The narrator got christened his brother and the brother got christened John. The name, John, was actually intended for the narrator.

*(2) Write any two lines from the extract that you find humorous. (या पदयांशातून तुम्हांला विनोदी वाटलेल्या ओळी निवडून लिहा )
Ans. (1) As we were being washed by nurse, we got completely mixed.

(2) My brother John got christened me,
And I got christened him.
A3. Activities based on Poetic Devices: (1) List the rhyming pairs from the extract:
Ans. (1) worse - nurse (3) decree - me
(2) fixed mixed (4) whim- him.

(2) Find Collocations from the extract:
Ans. (1) fate's decree
(2) got christened(3) Name and explain the figure of speech


repeated.
: (1) As we were being washed by nurse. Ans. Alliteration: The letter 'w' is pleasingly

(2) My brother John got christened me,
And I got christened him.
Ans. Hyperbole : The statement is exaggerated for humour.


Pick out four situations in the lives of the twins, which are too absurd and senseless to believe. (त्या जुळ्यांच्या जीवनातील विश्वास बसणार नाही, अशा हास्यास्पद व मूर्खपणाच्या चार घटना निवडून लिहा :)
Ans. (1) The people began mistaking one for the other.
(2) The speaker's brother got the name John, intended for the speaker.
(3) The speaker's intended bride became his brother's wife.
(4) When the speaker died, the neighbours came and buried his brother John.

 English class 10
2.2 the boy who brake the bank

Write in your own words a few sentences about the following: (पुढील प्रत्येक व्यक्तींविषयी तुमच्या स्वतःच्या शब्दांत काही वाक्ये लिहा :)
(i) Nathu (ii) Sitaram.
Ans. (i) Nathu : Nathu was a sweeper working with the Pipalnagar Bank, owned by Seth Govind Ram. He was annoyed because the Bank had not paid his salary though they were the last days of the month. He was sweeping hurriedly and carelessly because he was not happy with owner. He was thinking of leaving that job.
(ii) Sitaram : Sitaram was a washerman's son. He used to deliver freshly pressed clothes to every home. He plodded barefoot along the road to deliver a big bundle of clothes on his head. He was a helpful person. He was glad that he was to be of service to

Complete the sentences given below using your own adjective clauses: (Answers are directly underlined.)
(1) I know of a school boy who is expert in horse riding. (2) I know the joke that will split your sides with
laughter. (3) I know of a doctor who is hard of hearing. (4) I know of a place where people crave for bull-fights. (5) I know the reason why the girl is always gloomy in the class.

(2) Rewrite the following sentence joining them with 'when'/'where'/ 'which'/'why':
Sitaram had a bundle of freshly pressed clothes. He balanced it on his head.
Ans. Sitaram had a bundle of freshly pressed clothes which he balanced on his head.(3) Do as directed:
(1) He called out to Nathu

. (Rewrite the sentence in Past Continuous Tense.)
Ans. He was calling out to Nathu.
(2) Mrs Srivastava said, "Tell him to come and see me tomorrow." (Change into indirect speech.)
Ans. Mrs Srivastava told (asked) him to tell him to come and see her the next day. A5. Personal Response:

(1) What qualities do you find in Sitaram? (सीताराममध्ये तुम्हांला कोणते गुणविशेष आढळतात?)
Ans. Sitaram was a hardworking young boy. He was always ready to help others and sympathetic towards suffering people. He felt happy to serve his customer and his friend.Complete the sentences given below using your own adjective clauses: (Answers are directly underlined.)(1) I know of a school boy who is expert in horse riding. (2) I know the joke that will split your sides with
laughter. (3) I know of a doctor who is hard of hearing. (4) I know of a place where people crave for bull-
fights. (5) I know the reason why the girl is always gloomy in the class.

 What was the root cause of the rumour
an hour. The heat was trying enough for her.about Pipalnagar Bank? How did rumour about Pipalnagar Bank begin? (पिपलनगर बँकेच्या अफवेचे मूळ कारण कोणते होते? किंवा पिपलनगर बँकेच्या अफवेला कशी सुरुवात झाली ?)
Ans. Sitaram told Mrs Srivastava that the Bank is not giving Nathu, the sweeper boy, his pay. She told Mrs Bhushan that the Bank could not pay even had been of servi sweeper's wages for over a month. Mrs Bhushan guessed that if the Bank could not pay the sweeper they must be in bad financial condition. She told her husband the Bank was about to go bankrupt. From then on the news spread everywhere in Pipalnagar.


*(3) Write in your own words a few sentences about Mrs Srivastava ( श्रीमती श्रीवास्तव यांच्याविषयी तुमच्या स्वतःच्या शब्दांत काही वाक्ये लिहा.)
Ans. Mrs Srivastava was Sitaram's customer and was the lady of the house he visited. She gave some instructions to ayah and cook and then went the Pipalnagar market place, to make her usual tour of the cloth market. At one end of the bazaar she met her friend Mrs Bhushan. They both complained of the hot summer and they talked about a sample of cloth. Then Mrs Srivastava told Mrs Bhushan that Seth Govind Ram's bank could not pay their sweeper for over a month. She seems to be very talkative lady and was the root cause of the rumour about Pipalnagar Bank.

Mrs Bhushan went in search of her husband. He was sitting in front of Kamal Kishore's photography shop.

(Rewrite the sentence joining it with 'who') Ans. Mrs Bhushan went in search of her husband who was sitting in front of Kamal Kishore's photography shop.
(2) That summer was the hottest in the history of Pipalnagar.

(Change the sentence into Positive Degree.)
Ans. No other summer in the history of
Pipalnagar was so hot as that.
(3) A large shady tamarind tree grew at one end of the bazaar. Mrs Srivastava found her friend Mrs Bhushan there. (Join the sentence with 'where' Ans. Mrs Srivastava found her friend Mrs Bhushan where a large shady tamarind tree grew at

one end of the bazaar.

(4) 'Shocking!' (Rewrite it as an assertive sentence.)
Ans. It was really very shocking.

A5. Personal Response:
Do you think, Mr Bhushan was right to compare his wife with a bee in a flower garden? Give your reason. (श्री भूषण यांनी आपल्या पत्नीची तुलना एखादया फुलबागेतील मधमाशीशी करणे योग्य होते, असे तुम्हांला वाटते का? तुमचे कारण लिहा :)
Ans. Yes, I think Mr Bhushan was absolutely right to compare his wife with a bee in flower garden. We know that bees buzz from flower to flower in gardens for collecting honey. He knew

Mrs Bhushan went in search of her husband. He was sitting in front of Kamal Kishore's photography shop.

(Rewrite the sentence joining it with 'who') Ans. Mrs Bhushan went in search of her husband who was sitting in front of Kamal Kishore's photography shop.

(2) That summer was the hottest in the history of Pipalnagar.
(Change the sentence into Positive Degree.)
Ans. No other summer in the history of Pipalnagar was so hot as that.

(3) A large shady tamarind tree grew at one end of the bazaar. Mrs Srivastava found her friend Mrs Bhushan there. (Join the sentence with 'where'.
 Ans. Mrs Srivastava found her friend Mrs
Bhushan where a large shady tamarind tree grew at one end of the bazaar.

(4) 'Shocking!' (Rewrite it as an assertive sentence.)
Ans. It was really very shocking.

A5. Personal Response :
Do you think, Mr Bhushan was right to compare his wife with a bee in a flower garden? Give your reason. (श्री भूषण यांनी आपल्या पत्नीची तुलना एखादया फुलबागेतील मधमाशीशी करणे योग्य होते, असे तुम्हांला वाटते का? तुमचे कारण लिहा :)
Ans. Yes, I think Mr Bhushan was absolutely right to compare his wife with a bee in flower garden. We know that bees buzz from flower to flower in gardens for collecting honey. He knew

Who surprised everyone? How? (प्रत्येकाला कोणी आश्चर्यचकित केले? कसे?)
Ans. Ganpat, the beggar, surprised everyone. When Ganpat learnt that the Pipalnagar Bank was about to collapse, he got up on his feet and ran at top speed in the direction of the bank to withdraw his one thousand rupees. The people were astonished because he used to squat on pavement begging for years with his crooked leg. Every evening someone would come with a cart and take him away. He had never been known to walk. But now he ran fast to the Bank with leg which was never crooked. He decieved people with his pretence.


How did people react when the bank manager told them to return on the following day? (बँकेच्या व्यवस्थापकाने लोकांना दुसऱ्या दिवशी परत यायला सांगितले, तेव्हा त्यांनी कशी प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त केली?)
Ans. When the bank manager told people to return on the following day, they refused to believe in his words. They gathered outside on the steps of the bank and started raising slogans against the Bank and the Seth. Mischief makers who didn't have a paisa in the bank also joined the crowd. The manager tried to pacify them but they became violent and hurled a brick through the air that crashed through the plate glass window of the Bank

Who said to whom?
Rumour
(1) "Who would have thought the bank would collapse!"
Ans. Nathu said to himself.

(2) "We want it now!"
Ans. Some of the crowd said to the manager.

(3) Who are the persons referred to in the - llowing sentences (पुढील वाक्ये कोणत्या व्यक्तींना देशून आहेत?)
(1) He was the last person to know about the Pipalnagar Bank going bankrupt.


(2) He was happy that he did not have a bank
account in Pipalnagar Bank.
Ans. (1) Nathu, the sweeper
(2) Sitaram, the washerman's son

Put the words in alphabetical order: (i) shook, beggar, thousand, jeweller
(ii) soon, street, seldom, speculate.
Ans. (i) beggar, jeweller, shook, thousand.
(ii) seldom, soon, speculate, street.

(4) Punctuate the following:
(1) fetch the Seth, we know hes hiding in a safe deposit locke
(2) Do you know my dear that Seth govind Rams bank cant even pay its employees
Ans. (1) "Fetch the Seth, we know he's
hiding in a safe deposit locker!"


(2) "Do you know, my dear, that Seth Govind Ram's bank can't even pay its employees?"
(5) Make four words each (minimum 3 letters) Using the letters in the given word: complaine
Ans. (1) plain (2) main (3) pain (4) plan

Rumours are spread by fools and accepted by greater fools' ['मूर्ख लोक अफवा पसरवतात आणि त्यांच्यापेक्षा मूर्ख असलेले लोक त्या स्वीकारतात (त्यांवर विश्वास ठेवतात.)']
Ans. 'Rumours are spread by fools and
accepted by greater fools'
It is a common tendency of idle people or mischief- makers to spread rumours. These rumour-mongers

 English class 10
1.5 his first flight
..

What did the young seagull feel while he was trying to fly? (हवेत उडण्याच्या प्रयत्नात असताना त्या छोट्या सीगलला काय वाटत होते?)
Ans. The young seagull was afraid of flying. He took a little run forward to the brink of the ledge and tried to flap his wings. But when he saw the great expanse of the sea stretched down beneath and its long way down, he felt that his small wings

How did the seagull parents perfect the young seagull's brothers and sister in the art of flight? [छोट्या सीगलच्या आईवडिलांनी त्याच्या भावांना व बहिणीला हवेत उडण्याच्या कलेमध्ये कसे निष्णात (प्रवीण) केले?]
Ans. The parents of the seagull flew about with his brothers and sister, perfecting them in the art of flying. They trained them how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish. When they succeeded in the art, the parents circled about them raising a proud cackle to encourage them.

Pick out from the passage the Homophones for the following:

(1) see(2) wood(3) there4) scene
Ans. (1) see- sea(2) wood- would
(3) there their (4) scene seen

*(3) Explain how the underlined Homographs defer in meaning:
(1) (a) He saw his two brothers.
(b) The woodcutter cut the weakened branch with his sharp saw.
Ans. (a) In the sentence (a) the Homograph 'saw'
is the past tense of the word 'see'.
(b) In the sentence (b) the Homograph 'saw' means a tool of a carpenter used for cutting wood. (2) (a) The bird injured his wing.

When the young seagull pretended to be falling asleep, his parents took notice of him.
False

*(2) Flying across the young seagull, the mother dropped into his beak a piece of fish.
False

(3) The young seagull was fed a piece of fish by his mother.
False

(4) The young seagull's father was preening the feathers on his white back.
True

What were the young seagull's parent doing? (त्या छोट्या सीगलचे आईवडील काय करीत होते?
Ans. The young seagull's father was cleaning hi white back feathers smooth with his beak. His mother was looking at the young seagull. She stood on a little high hump on the plateau. Her white breast was thrust forward. Now and again, she tore at a piece of fish that lay at her feet and then scrapped each side of her beak on the rock. She was trying to attract the young one's attention towards the piece of fish.

*(2) Why did the young seagull feel hot? ( छोट्या सीगलला उष्णतेची झळ का जाणवली ?)
Ans. The sun was now ascending the sky, blazing on the young seagull's ledge that faced the south. But more than the heat of the sun he felt the heat of his hunger because he had not eaten anything since the previous nightfall.

Explain how the underlined Homographs defer in meaning:
(1) (a) He saw his two brothers.
(b) The woodcutter cut the weakened branch with his sharp saw.
Ans. (a) In the sentence (a) the Homograph 'saw' is the past tense of the word 'see'.
(b) In the sentence (b) the Homograph 'saw' means a tool of a carpenter used for cutting wood.
(2) (a) The bird injured his wing(1) His two brothers an sister had already f away.
(2) But for the life of him could not move.

(1) What were the young seagull's parents
doing? (त्या छोट्या सीगलचे आईवडील काय करीत होते ?)
Ans. The young seagull's father was cleaning his white back feathers smooth with his beak. His mother was looking at the young seagull. She stood on a little high hump on the plateau. Her white breast was thrust forward. Now and again, she tore at a piece of fish that lay at her feet and then scrapped each side of her beak on the rock. She was trying to attract the young one's attention towards the piece of fish.

+(2) Why did the young seagull feel hot? ( छोट्या सीगलला उष्णतेची झळ का जाणवली ?)
Ans. The sun was now ascending the sky, blazing on the young seagull's ledge that faced the south. But more than the heat of the sun he felt the heat of his hunger because he had not eaten anything since the previous nightfall.

(3) How did the young seagull learn his first flight? (तो छोटा सीगल आपल्या पहिल्या उड्डाणाचा पाठ कसा शिकला?)
Ans. When the young seagull was calling his mother plaintively, his mother had picked up a piece of the fish and was flying across to him with it. He leaned out eagerly trying to get nearer to her as she flew across. But when the piece of fish in her beak was almost within his reach, his mother halted, her wings motionless, Maddened by hunger, the young one dived at the fish. While doing so he fell outwards

How did the family welcome the young seagull's first flight? ( उड्डाणाचे त्याच्या कुटुंबाने कसे स्वागत केले?)
Ans. When the family members saw the young seagull's first flight they were very happy because that is what they expected from him. His mother swooped past him making a loud noise of her wings. His father flew over him screaming and his two brothers and his sister flew around him curveting and flying with one wing higher than the other. They were soaring and diving to express their joy.

*(2) What did the young seagull forget? (ata सीगल कोणती गोष्ट विसरून गेला? त्याने नंतर काय केले ?)
Ans. The young seagull completely forgot that he had not always been able to fly. He commended himself for his diving and soaring and curveting shrieking shrilly.

(3) When did the young seagull get his prized scraps of dog-fish ? (त्या छोट्या सीगलला त्याचे बहुमोल माशाचे तुकडे केव्हा मिळाले ?)
Ans. The young seagull was completely exhausted after his first flight. He drooped his legs to stand on the green sea. His legs sank in it. He screamed with fright and tried to rise again flapping his wings. But he was tired and weak with hunger and he could not rise. His feet sank into the green sea and then his belly touched it and he could sink no farther. He was floating on it. His family admired his feat (achievement) and offered him scraps of

How does your family help you to achieve your goal? (तुम्हांला तुमचे ध्येय साध्य करण्याकरिता तुमचे कुटुंब कसे साहाय्य करते ?)
Ans. My family is always there to help me in every work. Each one of them, especially my parents, help me in deciding my goal. If I neglect any day, they remind me of my goal all the while. They all are ready to guide me, in their own way, to achieve whatever I desire. They always encourage me and admire and praise me even for my smallest

                   English class 10
                   1.4 be smart

Underline the gerund present participles/
infinitives:
(Answers are directly given.)
(1) Setting goal may appear easy, but it is quite challenging.
(2) Quantifying goals provide specific ways to track progress.
(3) It is important to create goals that are within a current skill set or area of expertise.
(4) We need to bring down life images down to earth and plan to execute our strategies.
(2) Do as directed:
(1) We all have natural talents.

(Add a question tag.) Ans. We all have natural talents, haven't we? (2) The will must be stronger than the skill.
(Begin with-The skill must not be change into positive degree.) and Ans. The skill must not be as strong as the will.

A5. Personal Response:
Do you have a goal in your life? What efforts will | you make to achieve it ? (तुम्ही तुमच्या आयुष्यातील एखादे ध्येय ठरवले आहे का? ते साध्य करण्यासाठी तुम्ही कोणते प्रयत्न कराल ? )
Ans. Yes, I do have decided my goal in my life. I aspire to be a top musician. To achieve my goal I will Keep on trying and going ahead despite difficulties with the help of talent and hard work. I am sure that


How does quantifying goals help us? (ध्येयाची परिमाण निश्चिती आपणांस कशी उपयोगी ठरते?)
Ans. Quantifying goals help us to provide detailed and exact ways to track progress against goals. This makes it easy to benchmark performance throughout the goal period, including areas to improve. In the game of football, the player's exact role and position has to be clearly defined.

(2) What factor is unreal, while setting goals? (ध्येय निश्चित करीत असताना कोणता घटक अवास्तव असतो?)
Ans. Expecting to become an expert in a short amount of time is an unreal factor, while setting goals. Building expertise always takes time.


(3) Pick out examples from the text that support each of the following facts:
(1) Goals should be achievable.
Ans. Example: We can't become a President, a

We must have the clear picture of our goal in mind.
- Adjective

(2) Clear all that mess of my tafle.
 - Verb

(3) We can hope to reach those heights in future.
Verb

(4) There is little hope of his
survived
- Noun

Pick out examples from the passage that support each of the following facts: (yel वस्तुस्थितींना आधार देणारी उदाहरणे उताऱ्यातून निवडून लिहा :)
(1) Good results depend upon the quality and quantity of work put in.
Ans. Example: Life is like a trumpet. If we don't put anything in, we can't get anything out.

(2) A time-limit should be set to achieve goals.
Ans. Example: To reduce weight we know how to go about it. But without consistent time-bound action, it never becomes a reality. It may be exercise, diet and stress-free thoughts. All these have to be practised and implemented within a deadline.

If we don't put anything in, we can't get anything out.' Explain. ('आपण एखादया गोष्टीला वेळ दिला नाही तर आपल्याला कोणतीच गोष्ट साध्य होणार नाही. या विधानाचे स्पष्टीकरण दया.)
Ans.- When we wish to achieve something we must have to give time and put forth every quality and quantity of our energy. You have to prepare plan and execute it meticulously, concentrating on your goal. We will have to put everything at stake to get fruitful results. Efforts we put in the process wholeheartedly can only give us the output (success) we desire. The more you work in the direction of success, the more benefits you get..

Write from the passage words related to qualities required for success :
Ans. accountability, consistent, vision, wish, intention, dream, imagination, execute, energy, skills, approach, strategy.

A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
(1) Put the words in alphabetical order :
(1) earth, execute, establish, energy. (2) trumpet, increase, know, order
Ans. (1) earth, energy, establish, execute (2) increase, know, order, trumpet

*(2) Underline the gerund present participle/ infinitives in the sentences.

(Answers are directly given.) Finding the right footing, precisely mastering the skills and getting to the next place all depend on how ve approach and tackle the problem.

(3) Do as directed
(1) Life is like a trumpet. (Frame a Wh-question to et the underline word as answer.)
Ans. What is life like?

(2) Establish time parameters around each goal. write the sentence beginning with 'Let' and change sentence into passive voice

(1) Do you think, your attitude will change after your great success? Explain. (तुमच्या प्रचंड यशानंतर तुमची मनोवृत्ती बदलेल, असे तुम्हांला वाटते का? स्पष्ट करा.)
Ans. No, I don't think my great success will
change my attitude towards the world. I shall be as humble as before. I shall not allow my success to go to my head. I shall be always down to earth. I will never trumpet my achievement and will express my views about my success without sounding boastful. Nothing will change in my life.

(2) 'If we don't put anything in, we can't get anything out.' Explain. (3 et à दिला नाही तर आपल्याला कोणतीच गोष्ट साध्य होणार नाही.' या विधानाचे स्पष्टीकरण दया.)
Ans. When we wish to achieve something we must have to give time and put forth every quality and quantity of our energy. You have to prepare plan and execute it meticulously, concentrating on your goal. We will have to put everything at stake to get fruitful results. Efforts we put in the process wholeheartedly can only give us the output (success) we desire. The more you work in the direction of success, the more benefits you get.

Change the verb form according to the change in the subject: (कर्त्यामधील बदलाप्रमाणे

क्रियापदाचे रूप बदला :)
(1) I don't know. (Change 'T' to 'She'.)
Ans. She doesn't know.

(2) My father knows it. (Change 'My father' to 'We')
Ans. We know it.

(3) I am following in your footsteps.
(Change T to 'He')
Ans. He is following in your footsteps.